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2025-26 regular season

Shot quality

Shot selection: how many points a player's shots are worth before anyone shoots them. Shot making: how many more (or fewer) he actually scores.

Reading it: +5 shot making means 5 more points per 100 shots than an average shooter would score on the same shots. +0.05 shot selection means each shot is worth 0.05 more points than the league's typical shot.

Lowest shot making

284 players with 300+ shots · league 1.09 points per shot
#PlayerShot makingMakingShot selectionSelectionPts per shotPPSExpectedxPPSShotsFGA
1Ben SarafG · BKN-26.71st+0.02867th0.851.12304
2Nikola JovicF · MIA-22.21st+0.00755th0.881.10314
3Andre DrummondC · NYK-20.51st+0.15297th1.041.24337
4Nae'Qwan TomlinF · CLE-19.21st+0.14696th1.041.24313
5Rob DillinghamG · CHI-19.02nd-0.00844th0.891.08412
6Herbert JonesF · NOP-18.82nd+0.02866th0.931.12479
7Ronald Holland IIF · DET-18.33rd+0.04777th0.961.14544
8Nolan TraoréG · BKN-18.23rd-0.02234th0.891.07479
9Sion JamesG · CHA-17.33rd+0.04274th0.961.13371
10Rayan RupertG-F · PHI-16.64th+0.00152nd0.931.09313
11Jamal SheadG · TOR-16.64th-0.02532nd0.901.07504
12Sidy CissokoG · POR-16.15th+0.04375th0.971.13334
13Ja MorantG · POR-15.96th-0.05016th0.881.04322
14Danny WolfF-C · BKN-15.86th+0.03068th0.961.12440
15Patrick WilliamsF · CHI-14.87th0.00050th0.941.09478
16Derik QueenC · NOP-14.67th+0.03269th0.981.12748
17Bilal CoulibalyG · WAS-14.58th+0.02464th0.971.12541
18Tre MannG · WAS-14.19th-0.0669th0.881.03303
19Drake PowellF · BKN-13.79th-0.00844th0.951.08358
20Isaac OkoroF-G · CHI-13.410th+0.12493rd1.081.21458
21Tari EasonF · HOU-13.110th+0.03168th0.991.12580
22Dru SmithG · MIA-13.011th-0.01340th0.951.08325
23Jeremiah FearsG · NOP-12.911th+0.00554th0.971.101008
24Gradey DickG · LAC-12.311th+0.01962nd0.991.11383
25Alex CarusoG · OKC-12.311th+0.05279th1.021.14301

Percentiles are among all players with 200+ shots. Tap a player for his shot chart in the Quality view.

How this works

The method

Every shot gets an expected make chance from a logistic regression fit on 219,152 2025-26 regular-season shots. It uses only what the play-by-play records: distance (2 ft steps), two or three, corner three, paint or midrange, shot type (layup or dunk, jumper, floater or hook), fourth quarter or overtime, the last 24 seconds of a period, and home or away.

Expected points = make chance x 2 or 3. Shot selection is a player's expected points per shot minus the league's (1.091). Shot making is actual minus expected points, per 100 shots. Players need 200+ shots to be ranked. Free throws are not included.

The test

  • Fit on 175,364 shots, tested on 43,788 shots from 246 games it never saw (a random 20% of games).
  • AUC 0.644 (0.5 is a coin flip, 1.0 is perfect). A zone-only average scores 0.632.
  • Log loss 0.653 vs 0.659 for zone only and 0.692 for one league-wide FG% (lower is better). Brier score 0.231.
  • Test games: league FG% 47.3%, mean predicted 47.0%.
  • All shots: 239,129 actual points from field goals vs 239,153 expected (+0.01%).
30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%Group 1: predicted 32.7%, actual 32.2% (4071 shots)Group 2: predicted 35.0%, actual 35.9% (3336 shots)Group 3: predicted 35.9%, actual 37.3% (3123 shots)Group 4: predicted 37.6%, actual 38.1% (6971 shots)Group 5: predicted 40.8%, actual 41.9% (4391 shots)Group 6: predicted 43.4%, actual 43.6% (4375 shots)Group 7: predicted 45.6%, actual 45.2% (4251 shots)Group 8: predicted 56.7%, actual 55.7% (4334 shots)Group 9: predicted 65.4%, actual 65.1% (4029 shots)Group 10: predicted 73.7%, actual 75.1% (4907 shots)Predicted make chanceActual make rate
Test shots split into ten groups by predicted chance. Dots on the dashed diagonal mean the predictions match reality.

What it cannot see

  • How close the nearest defender was. A wide-open three and a contested one look the same.
  • Play type (catch and shoot, pull-up, post-up, putback) and the shot clock.
  • Who the shooter is. That is on purpose: the gap between actual and expected is the shot making.
  • Fouls and and-ones, so drawing contact is not credited here.
  • Playoff defense: on 2025-26 playoff shots it predicted about 4.5% more points than were scored.

Shot making is noisy: over 300 shots, luck alone moves it by about 6 points per 100 either way.